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The Marian iconography was very popular in the Middle Ages in Europe. At this point, the French culture was particularly rich in the Marian iconography for many works of art were created in France in the Middle Ages. In this respect, it is possible to refer to “Enthroned Virgin and Child” (1260-1280) as one of the remarkable samples of the Marian iconography, which is unique but still bears certain features common to other samples of the Marian iconography, such as “Virgin and Child in Majesty” (1150-1200) and “Virgin and Child” (14th century).
In fact, “Enthroned Virgin and Child” was created in France. The author is unknown. The exact date of creation is uncertain but the statue is dated back to about 1260-1280. The place of creation is Paris, France. Therefore, the culture is French. The medium used is ivory with traces of polychromy and gilding. The classification of the statue is ivories.
Another statue created before “Enthroned Virgin and Child” is “Virgin and Child in Majesty”. The author of this statue is unknown too. The exact date of creation is also uncertain but it is about 1150-1200. The place of creation is Auvergne, France. Therefore, the culture is French but the place of creation is different that probably bears its marks on the style of the statue. The medium is walnut with paint, gesso and linen. The classification of the statue is sculpture-wood.
As for “Virgin and Child”, the author of this statue is unknown too. The date of creation is even more uncertain than two statues mentioned above. In fact, “Virgin and Child” was created about the 14th century. The place of creation is France. The medium is ivory with traces of polychrony. The classification of the statue is ivories.
At first glance all three statues are typical representatives of the Marian iconography. In this regard, it is possible to trace certain similarities, such as the culture, where they were created. In addition, they have the similar composition as the virgin is holding the child on her laps.
At the same time, there are sustential differences between the statues, which may result from the different time of their creation as well as place of their creation and naturally different authorship. Even though the authorship of neither statue is known, it is still possible to identify the approximate time and place of their creation. “Enthroned Virgin and Child” was created about 1260-1280, while “Virgin and Child in Majesty” was created earlier in 1150-1200 and “Virgin and Child” was created in the 14th century. The place of the creation of the three statues is also different but all of them were created in France and reveal the French culture of the Middle Ages.
The main difference between “Enthroned Virgin and Child” and two other statues is that “Virgin and Child in Majesty” and “Virgin and Child” are created in the classical style and represent the double throne for the Child, Jesus Christ. The virgin is sitting on the throne straight and so does Jesus in “Virgin and Child in Majesty”. In such a way, Jesus has the double throne. Similarly, in “Virgin and Child” the virgin is holding Jesus on her laps and Jesus waves his hand sitting on the laps of his mother. In contrast, “Enthroned Virgin and Child” depicts the virgin and the child looking at each other that makes them closer to average humans, for they are depicted as the mother and the son but not as creatures that were granted with divine power and blessing.
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